Understanding what protein do to body

Understanding What Proteins Do to Your Body

Protein is a crucial component of a healthy diet, essential for the growth and maintenance of body tissues, and plays a significant role in the production of enzymes and hormones. It can also serve as an energy source. Proteins are composed of amino acids, which are the building blocks that link together in various combinations to form different proteins.

What are Proteins?

Proteins are a crucial component of the human diet, present in various foods such as eggs, dairy, seafood, legumes, meats, nuts, and seeds. When consumed, dietary proteins undergo a process of breakdown and are subsequently reformed into new proteins within the human body. This is an essential process, as proteins play numerous roles in bodily functions.

Understanding Amino Acids

Amino acids are categorized into two groups: non-essential amino acids, which the body can synthesize, and essential amino acids, which must be obtained through diet. There are 11 non-essential amino acids and 9 essential amino acids that are critical for bodily functions.

The nutritional quality of protein sources is determined by the presence and quantity of essential amino acids. Animal products, such as meat and dairy, generally provide high-quality protein, while certain plant-based sources, like soy and quinoa, also offer a complete amino acid profile. However, other plant proteins may lack one or more essential amino acids, necessitating a varied diet for those following vegetarian or vegan lifestyles.

The Functions of Proteins

Proteins serve a wide array of functions in the body, which can be categorized as follows:

• Antibody: Antibodies bind to specific foreign particles, such as viruses and bacteria, to help protect the body. An example is Immunoglobulin G (IgG).
• Enzyme: Enzymes facilitate nearly all chemical reactions occurring within cells and assist in the formation of new molecules by interpreting genetic information stored in DNA. An example is Phenylalanine hydroxylase.
• Messenger: Messenger proteins, including certain hormones, transmit signals to coordinate biological processes among different cells, tissues, and organs. An example is Growth hormone.
• Structural Component: These proteins provide structural support for cells and enable movement on a larger scale. An example is Actin.
• Transport/Storage: These proteins bind and transport atoms and small molecules throughout the body and within cells. An example is Ferritin.

Protein Deficiency and Excess

Symptoms of protein deficiency, although rare in Australia, can include muscle wasting, fluid retention (oedema), anemia, and stunted growth in children. Older adults, particularly those over 50, may experience sarcopenia, a gradual loss of muscle mass, which can be mitigated by adequate protein intake.

Excessive protein consumption, particularly from fad diets promoting high protein intake, can pose health risks, including kidney and liver strain and increased calcium loss, potentially leading to osteoporosis. The recommended protein intake can be met through regular meals rather than relying on supplements, as most Australians obtain sufficient protein from their diets.

Increasing Protein Intake

For those seeking to increase protein intake, options include incorporating lean meats, dairy, legumes, nuts, and seeds into meals. It is advisable to consult with healthcare professionals for personalized dietary guidance.

In conclusion, proteins are essential for numerous bodily functions, and understanding their importance can help individuals make informed dietary choices to support their overall health and well-being.